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Class 10 Science diagrams: which ones to practise, chapter by chapter
If you searched for a list of Class 10 Science diagrams, this page gives one: for each chapter of the NCERT book, the figures that show a structure, a set-up or a ray path you may be asked to draw, the labels to put on each, and the page where the book's own figure is. It ends with a short guide to drawing for marks and 8 label questions of our own.
This list is our own choice of figures to practise, made by reading every chapter; it is not a CBSE list, and no practising teacher has checked it yet. We do not copy the book's drawings. Open your textbook at the page given, study the figure there, and practise drawing it yourself.
How we chose them
- We read every figure in the 13 chapters of the NCERT Science textbook for Class X (Reprint 2026-27), and kept those that show a body part, a plant part, an apparatus, a circuit, a field pattern or a ray path: things a student draws and labels.
- We left out photographs, tables of results and figures that are only examples to look at.
- The figure numbers and pages are the book's. The labels listed are the words printed on or next to the book's figure.
Chemistry chapters (1 to 4)
| Chapter | Figure (page) | Labels to put on it |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations | Fig. 1.6, Electrolysis of water (page 9) | plastic mug, water, graphite rods, rubber stoppers, test tubes, oxygen, hydrogen, anode, cathode, switch, 6 V battery |
| 2 Acids, Bases and Salts | Fig. 2.1, Zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid, testing the gas (page 19) | zinc granules, dilute sulphuric acid, delivery tube, soap solution with hydrogen bubbles, burning candle |
| 3 Metals and Non-metals | Fig. 3.12, Electrolytic refining of copper (page 52) | anode (impure copper), cathode (pure copper), electrolyte, anode mud |
| 3 Metals and Non-metals | Fig. 3.13, Conditions for rusting of iron (page 53) | three test tubes: air and water; boiled water with a layer of oil; dry air with anhydrous calcium chloride |
| 4 Carbon and its Compounds | Fig. 4.5, Electron dot structure of methane (page 61) | the carbon atom, four hydrogen atoms, four shared pairs |
| 4 Carbon and its Compounds | Fig. 4.12, Formation of micelles (page 74) | the ionic end towards water, the hydrocarbon tail towards the oil, the trapped dirt |
Biology chapters (5 to 8, 13)
| Chapter | Figure (page) | Labels to put on it |
|---|---|---|
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.1, Cross-section of a leaf (page 82) | waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, chloroplast, air spaces, guard cell, lower epidermis, xylem and phloem in the vascular bundle |
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.6, Human alimentary canal (page 85) | mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.9, Human respiratory system (page 90) | nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, rings of cartilage, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, ribs, diaphragm |
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.10, Sectional view of the human heart (page 92) | right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, septum, aorta, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, vena cava |
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.13, Excretory system (page 96) | kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
| 5 Life Processes | Fig. 5.14, Structure of a nephron (page 97) | glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, tubular part, collecting duct, branches of the renal artery and vein, capillaries |
| 6 Control and Coordination | Fig. 6.1 (a), Neuron (page 101) | dendrite, cell body, nucleus, axon, nerve ending |
| 6 Control and Coordination | Fig. 6.2, Reflex arc (page 103) | receptors in the skin, sensory neuron, spinal cord, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector (muscle in the arm) |
| 6 Control and Coordination | Fig. 6.3, Human brain (page 104) | cerebrum, mid-brain, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pons, medulla, cerebellum, spinal cord |
| 7 How do Organisms Reproduce? | Fig. 7.7, Longitudinal section of a flower (page 120) | stigma, style, ovary (pistil); anther, filament (stamen); petal, sepal |
| 7 How do Organisms Reproduce? | Fig. 7.8, Germination of pollen on stigma (page 121) | pollen grain, stigma, male germ-cell, pollen tube, ovary, female germ-cell |
| 7 How do Organisms Reproduce? | Fig. 7.10, Human male reproductive system (page 123) | testis, scrotum, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra, bladder |
| 7 How do Organisms Reproduce? | Fig. 7.11, Human female reproductive system (page 123) | ovary, oviduct (Fallopian tube), uterus, cervix, vagina |
| 8 Heredity | Fig. 8.6, Sex determination in human beings (page 132) | the parents' sex chromosomes (XX and XY), the gametes, the children's chromosomes |
| 13 Our Environment | Fig. 13.2, Trophic levels (page 210) | producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers |
Physics chapters (9 to 12)
| Chapter | Figure (page) | What to draw and label |
|---|---|---|
| 9 Light | Fig. 9.7, Images by a concave mirror (page 139) | principal axis, pole, focus, centre of curvature; two rays from the object top; the image |
| 9 Light | Fig. 9.10, Refraction through a glass slab (page 147) | incident ray, normals, refracted ray, emergent ray, angles of incidence and refraction |
| 9 Light | Fig. 9.16, Images by a convex lens (page 155) | principal axis, optical centre, F₁, 2F₁, F₂, 2F₂; two rays; the image |
| 10 The Human Eye | Figs. 10.2 and 10.3, Myopia, hypermetropia and their correction (page 163) | far point or near point, where the image falls, the correcting lens |
| 10 The Human Eye | Fig. 10.4, Refraction through a triangular prism (page 166) | incident ray, refracted ray, emergent ray, angles of incidence, refraction, emergence, the angle of the prism and the angle of deviation |
| 11 Electricity | Fig. 11.1, A circuit with cell, bulb, ammeter and plug key (page 172) | the standard symbols for each part (the book's Table 11.1, page 174) |
| 11 Electricity | Figs. 11.6 and 11.7, Resistors in series and in parallel (pages 181-182) | resistors, battery, ammeter, plug key, voltmeter |
| 12 Magnetic Effects | Fig. 12.4, Field lines around a bar magnet (page 197) | N and S poles, field lines with arrows |
| 12 Magnetic Effects | Fig. 12.10, Field of a current-carrying solenoid (page 201) | the coil, the current direction, field lines inside and outside |
| 12 Magnetic Effects | Fig. 12.15, A domestic circuit (page 205) | electricity meter, Electricity Board's fuse, distribution box (main switch and fuses for each circuit), live, neutral and earth wires, 220 V |
How to draw a diagram for marks
- Pencil only, with a sharp point, so you can rub out a wrong line.
- Size: about half a page, so labels have room.
- Label lines drawn straight with a ruler, never crossing one another, ending exactly on the part. Write the labels on one side where you can, in a neat column.
- Spell the label as the book does: Bowman's capsule, not "Bowmen capsule"; oesophagus, not "esophagus" if your book writes it so.
- Title under the drawing, in the book's words ("Structure of a nephron").
- Arrows for anything that moves: blood through the heart, air into the lungs, a nerve impulse, light rays, field lines.
- Ray diagrams: draw the principal axis first, mark the points (P, F, C or O, F, 2F) to scale, use a ruler for every ray and put an arrow on each.
Three common mistakes
- Missing arrows. A ray diagram or field-line drawing without arrows loses marks, however neat it is.
- Labels that point at nothing. A label line that stops short of the part, or ends between two parts, gets no credit.
- Drawing the book's photo or a scene. Only structures, set-ups and ray paths are drawn in answers; you do not need to draw the photographs.
8 label questions of our own, with answers
These questions are ours. They test what each label means, not the drawing itself, so you can check yourself without a teacher.
Question 1 (Fig. 5.9, respiratory system). Put these labels in the order air passes them on the way in: bronchioles, trachea, alveoli, larynx, bronchi, pharynx.
Answer: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli. Air goes from the nasal passage through the pharynx and larynx into the trachea, which branches into the bronchi and then the smaller bronchioles, which end in the balloon-like alveoli where gases are exchanged (Fig. 5.9 and the text on page 90).
Question 2 (Fig. 5.10, heart). In your drawing of the heart, which chambers should have the thickest walls, and why?
Answer: the ventricles. They push blood out to the lungs and the rest of the body, so their muscle walls are thicker than those of the atria (page 92).
Question 3 (Fig. 5.13, excretory system). Urine is made in a kidney. Put these labels in the order it passes them on its way out of the body: urinary bladder, urethra, ureter.
Answer: ureter, urinary bladder, urethra. From each kidney a long tube, the ureter, takes the urine down to the urinary bladder. The bladder holds it until it is passed out of the body through the urethra (Fig. 5.13, pages 96 and 97).
Question 4 (Fig. 7.7, flower). Sort these labels into the two groups they make up: anther, ovary, filament, stigma, style. Name each group.
Answer: stamen = anther + filament; pistil = stigma + style + ovary. The stamen is the male reproductive part and makes pollen; the pistil, the female part, has three parts: the swollen ovary at the bottom, the style in the middle and the stigma at the end (pages 120-121).
Question 5 (Fig. 10.4, prism). In your drawing of a ray through a triangular prism, between which two rays is the angle of deviation marked?
Answer: between the incident ray and the emergent ray. Because of the prism's shape, the ray that comes out is turned away from the line of the ray that went in; the angle between them is the angle of deviation, ∠D (page 166).
Question 6 (Fig. 11.1, circuit). A circuit has a cell, a plug key, a bulb and two meters. Which meter is drawn across the bulb, in parallel, and which in line with it?
Answer: the voltmeter across the bulb (parallel); the ammeter in line (series). A voltmeter goes in parallel, its two ends joined to the two points whose potential difference you want (page 173); the ammeter measures the current flowing through the circuit, so it is always joined in series, in the circuit's path (page 172).
Question 7 (Fig. 12.15, domestic circuit). Which wire in your diagram is joined to the metal body of a refrigerator, and what insulation colour do you label it?
Answer: the earth wire, green. The earth wire has green insulation and goes to a metal plate deep in the ground; appliances with a metallic body, such as a refrigerator, are connected to it (page 204).
Question 8 (Fig. 13.2, trophic levels). Your pyramid has four labels: secondary consumers, producers, tertiary consumers, primary consumers. Write them from the base up, and say which level holds the greatest number of individuals.
Answer: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers; the producers. The producers form the first trophic level, the herbivores (primary consumers) the second, small carnivores (secondary consumers) the third and larger carnivores (tertiary consumers) the fourth. The greatest number of individuals is generally at the producer level (page 210).
How to check an AI's answer about a diagram
- Check the label names against the book. If an AI labels a part with a word your book never uses, open the figure page above and use the book's word.
- Check the arrows. Ask which way the blood, air, impulse, light or field goes, and compare it with the book's figure.
- Do not copy a picture. Draw it yourself from the book's figure; that is how you learn where each part is.
Practise and revise
- Every chapter's questions with answers and notes in one place: Class 10 Science question answer.
- Questions chapter by chapter, by marks: Class 10 Science important questions 2026-27.
- Notes with the facts behind the labels: Life Processes, Control and Coordination, How do Organisms Reproduce?, Light and Electricity.
- Printable worksheets with answers: Class 10 worksheets. Timed practice: the free Class 10 revision papers.
Where CMDLearn fits
CMDLearn is building an AI tutor for Classes 1 to 10 that explains a step and checks the child's working, but leaves the writing to the child. It is still in development, and no child uses it yet. If you would like to hear when there is something to try, you can join the waitlist.
Sources
All opened and read on 4 November 2026.
- NCERT, Science, Textbook for Class X (Reprint 2026-27), Chapters 1 to 13, printed pages 1-217, chapter files jesc101 to jesc113: ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jesc101.pdf (and so on to jesc113.pdf)
The figure numbers, pages, label words and facts are from the book. The choice of figures, the drawing tips, the mistakes and the 8 questions are our own. This page is general information; follow your teacher and your school's syllabus.
Practise this class: Class 10 worksheets, chapter by chapter · free practice, marked instantly · timed revision papers