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Class 10 Geography: Agriculture, 8 practice questions with answers

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These are 8 practice questions on Chapter 4, Agriculture, of the NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook, Contemporary India II. Each comes with a worked answer and the page of the textbook it is based on. They cover where India stands among the world's producers, oilseeds in figures, the climate a crop needs, millets, plantations, the Bhoodan-Gramdan movement and the fibre crops. The chapter's map work for 2026-27 is explained in a short section at the end.

These questions are our own, drafted with AI help. Every number was re-computed by a script and every answer was checked against the chapter, but no practising teacher has reviewed them yet. None of them is a textbook exercise or a sample-paper question reworded. If you find a mistake, please tell us.

What the chapter says you need

Facts from the NCERT textbook (Contemporary India II, Reprint 2026-27, Chapter 4, printed pages 30 to 41):

India's crops in the world

Question 1. (1 mark) For which of these is India the world's largest producer? (A) rice (B) sugarcane (C) pulses (D) tea

Answer: (C) pulses. India both grows and eats more pulses than any other country, and pulses are the main protein in a vegetarian diet (page 36). For rice, sugarcane and tea India is second, not first (pages 32, 36 and 37).

Question 2. India is the second largest producer of each crop below. Which country is ahead of it in each case? (a) sugarcane (b) rice (c) cotton (d) groundnut, in 2020 (e) Which country is ahead of India for most of these crops?

Answer: (a) Brazil; (b) China; (c) China; (d) China; (e) China, for every crop here except sugarcane. The chapter says India comes second to Brazil for sugarcane (page 36), and second to China for rice (page 32), cotton (page 38) and, in 2020, groundnut (page 36). It also puts India second to China for tea and for fruits and vegetables in 2020 (page 37).

Question 3. Oilseeds are grown on about 12 per cent of India's total cropped area. A district (made-up figures) has 2,50,000 hectares of cropped area. (a) If it followed the national share, how many hectares would be under oilseeds? (b) The district produces 60,000 tonnes of the major oilseeds. If groundnut's share matched India's, roughly how much of it would be groundnut? (c) In which season is groundnut grown, and name the two oilseeds the chapter calls rabi crops.

Answer: (a) 30,000 hectares; (b) about 30,000 tonnes; (c) kharif; linseed and mustard. (a) 12% of 2,50,000 = 2,50,000 × 12 ÷ 100 = 30,000 hectares (page 36). (b) Groundnut makes up about half of the major oilseeds India produces, so about 60,000 ÷ 2 = 30,000 tonnes (page 36). (c) Groundnut is a kharif crop; linseed and mustard are rabi crops. Sesamum changes with the region: kharif in the north and rabi in the south (page 36).

Crops and the conditions they need

Question 4. A place (made-up figures) gets about 85 cm of rain a year, and its temperature stays between 22°C and 26°C through the growing season. (a) Would sugarcane suit it? (b) Would rubber? Give the figures that decide each. (c) A farmer there also wants to try cotton. How many frost-free days does cotton need, and how long does it take to mature?

Answer: (a) yes; (b) no; (c) 210 frost-free days, and 6 to 8 months. (a) Sugarcane does well at 21°C to 27°C with 75 cm to 100 cm of rain a year (page 36); 22°C to 26°C and 85 cm both fall inside those ranges. (b) Rubber needs over 200 cm of rain and temperatures above 25°C (page 38); 85 cm is far too little, and the place is cooler than 25°C for part of the season. (c) Cotton needs high temperature, light rain or irrigation, bright sunshine and 210 days without frost, and it is a kharif crop that takes 6 to 8 months to mature (page 38).

Question 5. (a) Which millet is India's third most important food crop by area and production? (b) Which millet grows well on sandy soil and shallow black soil? Name two states that produce a lot of it. (c) Millets are called coarse grains. Why is ragi still a valuable food?

Answer: (a) jowar; (b) bajra, any two of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana; (c) it is full of iron, calcium and other nutrients. (a) Jowar is third by both area and production, and is a rain-fed crop that hardly needs irrigation (page 34). (b) Bajra suits sandy and shallow black soils; Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana are its main producers (page 34). (c) Coarse grains can still be very nutritious: ragi is rich in iron and calcium, along with other micronutrients and roughage, and it grows in dry regions (page 34).

Farms, land and fibre

Question 6. (a) Give two features of plantation farming. (b) Why does a plantation need good roads, railways and communication links? (c) Name one plantation crop the chapter links to Assam and North Bengal, and one it links to Karnataka.

Answer: (a) Any two of: one crop is grown over a large area; it brings farming and industry together; it covers big tracts of land and uses a lot of capital; it relies on migrant workers; its whole harvest goes as raw material to an industry (page 31). (b) Plantations grow mainly for the market, so the farms, the processing industries and the markets must be well connected by transport and communication (page 31). (c) Tea for Assam and North Bengal, and coffee for Karnataka (page 31).

Question 7. (a) Where was Vinoba Bhave speaking when some landless villagers asked him for land, and what did Shri Ram Chandra Reddy offer? (b) If the land was shared out equally, how much did each person get? (c) What was Gramdan? (d) Why did some landowners give part of their land, and what else is the movement called?

Answer: (a) Pochampally, Telangana; 80 acres for 80 landless villagers; (b) 1 acre each; (c) zamindars giving villages to the landless; (d) fear of the land ceiling act; the Bloodless Revolution. (a) At Pochampally in Telangana, Ram Chandra Reddy rose and offered 80 acres to be given out among 80 landless villagers; this was Bhoodan (page 39). (b) 80 ÷ 80 = 1 acre per person. (c) Some zamindars who owned many villages offered to hand over a few of them to the landless, which was called Gramdan (page 39). (d) Many landowners gave some land because they feared the land ceiling act, and the Bhoodan-Gramdan movement started by Vinoba Bhave is also called the Bloodless Revolution (page 39).

Question 8. (a) Name India's four major fibre crops. Which one does not come from a plant grown in the soil, and what is the rearing of its source called? (b) Which fibre is called the golden fibre, what soil does it need, and name two things made from it.

Answer: (a) Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk. Silk comes from the cocoons of silkworms fed on green leaves, mainly mulberry, and rearing silkworms for silk is called sericulture (page 38). (b) Jute. It needs well-drained, fertile soil in flood plains, where fresh soil is laid down each year, and high temperatures while it grows; it is made into gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn and carpets (page 38).

Map work for this chapter

For this chapter, the 2026-27 curriculum's map list asks you to identify the major areas of rice and wheat, and the states that grow the most sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber, cotton and jute (CBSE Social Science curriculum 2026-27, PDF page 7).

The chapter lists these states but does not rank them, so learn the ones named first and check any "largest producer" question against your teacher's notes.

Practise more, and check your marks

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Sources

All opened and read on 3 November 2026. Page numbers are the printed page numbers of the textbook; printed page = PDF page + 29.

The facts and figures are from the textbook pages above. The questions, the made-up district and place figures and the worked answers are our own, and every number was re-computed by script. This guide is general information; follow your teacher and the textbook.

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